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Sunday, 6 June 2010

Advice For New Graduates


Congratulations New Graduates

Well, it’s that time of year again, but this time nobody asked me to give a commencement address. Wonder why?

I’m full of good advice for those just starting out in the world of work. I’m full of it because neither of my boys took any of it in their time. I can see the married one now, passing some wisdom along to his kiddos, but I don’t think he realizes where it came from. It’s a good thing he married well. I know he did because both his kiddos are smarter than anyone on my side of the family. We’re from the shallow end of the gene pool.

I often tell new graduates the secret to choosing a spouse—particularly a wife. What you do is watch them ride up an escalator, especially a real tall elevator like some they have in the D.C. subway system. What you hope for is for her to take at least a few steps toward the top—a small sign that she isn’t satisfied just moving along with the crowd. If she passes the escalator test, check to see if she checks luggage on a short plane ride. My wife flunks both those tests, but what is it they say? The exception that proves the rule?

Escalators and moving sidewalks are great metaphors for economic progress. You can make pretty good progress just standing still. A rising tide lifts all boats. The good prospects, however, add a little additional effort of their own.

When we think of our entitlement programs, like Social Security and Medicare, the metaphor is how many people we have pulling the wagon versus how many are riding in the wagon. We have more and more riders relative to pullers, and we need to do something about it. We need to get smarter about our immigration policies, for one thing, and invite more good pullers into our great melting pot. I’d welcome really good pullers from just about anywhere, but I’d start looking in Asia. All the Asians I come into contact with seem to be hard workers and are very smart.

The favorable brain drain our country has enjoyed for decades is diminishing, maybe even reversing. We need to reverse the reversal. For starters, get rid of those crazy limits on H1B visas.

It’s standard advice to tell graduates they will need to work smarter as well as harder. That’s not always easy. Our natural inclination is just to pedal faster if we start slipping behind.

I touched on this theme recently when I suggested that standing over BP—boot to neck—demanding that they try harder or else may not be all that helpful. It’s like the SOB behind you honking his horn while you’re trying desperately to start your stalled car. Offer to honk his horn for him if he will start your car for you. (See "Beating On BP Won't Get The Gulf Cleaned Up")

I pointed out that this self-defeating tendency we have to just try harder is common among sports fans who assume their team would win if they only cared enough and tried hard enough.

Tennis is where you find the answer to smarter not harder, and not just by losing yourself contemplating the spin of the ball. Most of us who learned to play tennis as adults never learned to use topspin, which put a low ceiling on how good we can ever be. Top spin pulls a hard hit ball down into the court. Without top spin, it floats, and you have to ease up to keep the ball in the court. After mastering top spin, you can hit it hard and still keep it within the lines. Unfortunately, top spin can’t be taught to adults. I have personal knowledge of this.

New graduates should start planning for your first-born’s first tennis lessons in about three to four years. Start saving your money.

Let me close with a lesson I learned many years ago, but was reminded of again last week. The lesson is that the smartest, most successful people you will come into contact with speak very simply and clearly. It’s the novice on the make who tries to impress you with his newly acquired jargon and fancy talk. They are the ones that form the tight circles at receptions and allow only the few they consider worthy to break in. Actually, by self-selecting, they are doing you a great favor. Keep on circling; you can do better.

I did better this week, benefiting from the generosity of a kind hostess. At a dinner, I had the honor of sitting next to one of my heroes. It was Burton Malkiel, author of A Random Walk Down Wall Street, the classic on efficient financial markets. That he was the smartest man in the room went without saying. That he could endure the likes of me through a long dinner without looking over my shoulder and without trying to impress me with his smarts was . . . well, impressive.

You know, graduates, that efficient financial markets are sort of a special case of what some economists call rational expectations. They both say, in effect, that new information is useless, largely because it has already been used.

It’s like “Nobody goes to that restaurant any more; it’s too crowded.”

Congratulations graduates, wherever you are.

By Robert McTeer 
Bob McTeer is a fellow at the National Center for Policy Analysis. He was also President of the Dallas Fed for 14 years. 
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The Economics Of Why American Soccer Lags Behind The World






The U.S. Men's National soccer team opens its play in the 2010 World Cup against England in a much anticipated matchup Saturday, June 12 in Rustenburg, South Africa.  A rematch of 2 countries that met 60 years ago in group play at the 1950 World Cup in Brazil, and the site of perhaps the most glorious U.S. soccer victory of all time.

And though a victory over England in 2010 would not be the monumental upset it was in 1950, and though the American side during the summer of 2009 at the Confederations Cup beat 2008 European Cup champions Spain and led Brazil 2-0 before succumbing in the finals, U.S. soccer is still viewed as a second-class citizen by most soccer experts.


Brazil, Italy, Holland, Germany, Spain, Argentina, France and England are traditionally considered top tier soccer nations.  Most experts would rank the U.S. somewhere among the 10th to 20th best soccer playing nation in the world.

U.S. soccer has made tremendous strides since 1950.  Popular enough to sustain the North American Soccer League from 1968-1984.  Resilient enough to renew pro soccer with MLS starting in 1996, and the league has grown from 10 teams to 18 teams by the start of the 2011 season.  Internationally, we've qualified for 6 straight World Cup trips starting in 1990 after a 40 year hiatus.  And the U.S. will likely be awarded another World Cup in either 2018 or 2022 after successfully hosting the 1994 World Cup.

Despite all these positives, there are various economic explanations why the U.S. continues to languish behind the world soccer powers.  Namely, a lack of TV and corporate money in the U.S., 'first-mover advantages' and socioeconomic differences between the U.S. and many superior soccer playing nations.



TV and Corporate Money

Spaniard Pau Gasol of the LA Lakers plays in the NBA rather than Spain's top basketball league because there's more wealth and prestige in the NBA than he can find in any other basketball league in the world.  Similarly, Clint Dempsey and Tim Howard of the U.S. soccer team play their professional soccer in England because it has far more wealth and prestige than the MLS.

This difference in wealth and prestige stems from international differences in the way TV and corporate money is expended on soccer.  There is a domino effect that continues to hurt the visibility of American soccer leagues like MLS because lower revenue streams from media and corporate sponsorship deals hamstrings the league's ability to offer salaries that will attract the world's best players to America.

If fans aren't watching on TV, then ratings are lower.  If ratings are lower, then MLS can't garner the type of TV contracts that you see in the English Premiere League or the National Football League.  If ratings are lower, then MLS can't charge premium sponsorship and advertising rates.

With a paucity of TV and sponsor/ad revenue compared to other world soccer leagues and other American sports leagues, the league cannot afford to pay top world players in their prime the kind of dollars they can command in the top leagues in Germany, England, Italy, or Spain.

In American sports, the most lucrative playing careers in team sports have been and continue to be found in professional basketball, baseball, hockey, and football.  Since these sports yield a higher rate of return to the professional athlete in terms of a greater likelihood to make more money and not have to travel abroad to do so, these inherent realities - which owe themselves to the popularity of these sports and their subsequent ability to secure significant TV and corporate revenue - further depletes the potential talent base for American soccer since some top-flight amateur athletes may choose more lucrative sporting careers.

'First Mover' Advantages and Socioeconomic Factors

Soccer is England's game, much like hockey is Canada's game and pigskin football is America's game.  Going back to the Cambridge Rules drawn up at Trinity College in 1848 to help standardize the organized rules of 'football' across various English public schools, this highlights the significance and long-run power associated with the  'first mover advantage'.  It was England's sport first, and as such to this day, their nation lives and breathes soccer...and this is reflective in the broadcast rights fees and the corporate dollars the EPL can command.

The historical popularity of soccer in South America and other nations with lower per-capita income levels may owe itself to economic logistics.  Soccer is not an expensive game to play.  You need a ball.  You need space.  And sometimes not even that to grow a passion and skill for the sport.  Pele, often regarded as the best player ever and who came from humble beginnings, juggled oranges in the streets of Brazil as a boy.
For many lower income nations, most other sports are cost prohibitive either in terms of the simple logistics of playing the sport at the youth level (e.g. hockey, American football) or the infrastructural and organizational costs of player development, equipment and facilities and league administration.  As such, soccer is THE sport of many nations where the socioeconomics dictate that soccer is the most financially accessible option to a nation's residents.

Conversely, the U.S. has the wealth and infrastructure to sustain and support leagues in plenty of sports more historically native to North America.  And with more money to throw at players in these sports, there is arguably a financial incentive that may steer the best amateur athletes away from soccer.  In other nations, the main draw both financially and in terms of prestige is soccer.  Subsequently, other nations are more likely to attract their best athletes to the sport of soccer.

As a soccer enthusiast, I'm ever hopefully that the popularity and interest in soccer on a professional level in the U.S. will continue to grow, which is why the U.S. performance in the 2010 World Cup, and in particular their first match against England, is so important for promoting soccer to the casual American sports fan.
Because without higher TV rights fees and greater outlays from the corporate sector, it's hard to overcome first mover and socioeconomic factors which partially explain America's current 2nd to 3rd tier place in the world of soccer.

By Dr. Rishe is the Director of Sportsimpacts and an Associate Professor of Economics at Webster University in St. Louis, MO

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Saturday, 5 June 2010

Tackling the World Cup

As football madness goes global again, it’s best to relax and ride with the roars. 

I KNOW what some of you out there are thinking. Why would anybody sacrifice free time to watch 22 grown men running around a field in pursuit of a ball? More to the point, why would they rather do that than spend time with ... me?

This is the mantra repeated time and time again throughout the year, but it reaches its climax every four years. And this week, the madness has started again – the World Cup is back.

This quadrennial event pits the best national football teams from around the world against each other in an effort to find the world champion. This year, it takes place in South Africa, where between June 11 and July 11, 32 nations will compete in 64 games in a somewhat complicated tournament format.

More importantly, it is a spectator show that draws people from all around the world to a single focal point.

Ever since the World Cup was first televised in 1954, watching it has become a worldwide phenomenon. The International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) estimates that about 2.2 billion people watched some part of the 2006 event, , with a staggering 715 million people catching the final itself.

Given a world population of about 6.6 billion and several assumptions (including the unlikely one that football viewing patterns don’t change significantly after a person is married or gets a boyfriend girlfriend – we’ll just assume that the World Cup is a great exception), we can estimate that four out of nine couples will have one partner who will watch the World Cup.

And taking a cue from the statistic that only 14% of English soccer’s premier league spectators are women, we say that it’s mostly wives and girlfriends who will be wondering what the fuss is about.

So, this is my appeal to all the women out there: Give your man a break. More than that, give your man support.

This is the world’s greatest sporting event and it only happens once every four years. It is a (mostly) non-violent sport, exhibiting artistry and technique, evoking the greatest in commitment and competitiveness from players and spectators alike.

These are all noble ideals, and to all those who have complained that the Industrial Revolution marked a decline in humanism, and a rise in materialism, I will hereby argue that the rise of commercialism in football has demonstrated that the two can dovetail neatly.

There are many benefits to watching football:

* When your significant other invites friends and family to the house to eat and watch a game, it is a reminder that we don’t need an open house as an excuse to get together, and that there are other things besides religion and nationalism that bind us – as long as we support the same team.

* You will know where your man is and what he is doing at all times. And depending on how loudly he cheers, you will also know what he is thinking.

* Allegedly, condom sales increase during the World Cup. This could be a good or bad thing, depending on your situation. Share in the passion, that’s what I say.

There will be a few downsides, too:

* For about a month, the only decent conversation you can have will be related to either a game that had been played, a game being played, or a game that’s about to be played. Instead of fighting this, it is more beneficial to reword your conversations to reflect this. “Remember how you admired Ronaldo the other night when he tracked back to pick the ball up in defence? Well, don’t forget to pick up your anak from tuition afterwards, okay?”

* Set ground rules before the game begins (“Clean up after yourselves”, and “Don’t wake up the baby” are probably the most common). They will probably be pushed to the back of the mind during the game (the limbic system has a tendency to dominate thoughts), but that’s temporary. You will find football fans quite receptive at half-time or after a game. That is, as long as their team is winning, or has won.

* Passion is infectious and uncontrolled, and food and drinks are commonplace at football viewing parties. Remove all fragile items from the living room, and replace all the nice tablecloths and carpets with cheaper versions.

* For this World Cup, some of the best games will be played at 2.30am. Don’t be shocked to wake up in the middle of the night and wonder why the house is about to cave in. You can go to bed early so you don’t lose out on sleep. Or, better still, tell your significant other you want to check out that new boutique hotel in town. Your partner might even pay for your stay.

At the end of the day, it is important to realise that when your partner wants to watch football (even if it is three times a day for a fortnight), what he is doing is particiaptin a global event that brings people together, while catering to the primal need for competitiveness. In the old days, tribes had to go to war to fulfill those basic instincts. Now the war paint has been replaced by coloured scarves, and instead of bile and blood being shed, there are just yellow and red cards.

And once the month is over, so will the madness – for another three years and 11 months. Unless he’s a die-hard Premier League fan, in which case you’ll only have about 30 days.

CONTRADICTHEORY, By DZOFF AZMI

Logic is the antithesis of emotion but mathematician-turned-scriptwriter Dzof Azmi’s theory is that people need both to make of life’s vagaries and contradictions.